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IT Security Rewind – Week of November 14, 2011

The Thanksgiving holiday is a great time to reflect on the things we are grateful for in IT security like data protection, fraud prevention, identity management and other preventative approaches. Here’s our look at the biggest stories of the week, where those approaches may have failed.  IT teams take note, don’t let these headlines ruin your turkey dinner:

From Russia, with No Love: According to reports from Wired and CNET, hackers from Russia were able to destroy a water pump at a utility in Illinois by hacking into their SCADA system.  This is a disturbing attack, as the hackers apparently breached the network of the company that made the SCADA system, stealing customer usernames and passwords. Worse—this appears to be very similar in scope and process to the recent RSA breach, and it also highlights to continued vulnerability of SCADA systems to these types of attacks (and the importance of controlling privileged access points and hardcoded passwords).

No Safe Space: Details are just beginning to form surrounding new of a Romanian hacker accused of hacking into NASA beginning on Dec. 12, 2010. Authorities claim that the hacker was able to obtain unauthorized access to protected data—an indication that abuse of privileges may have occurred. The hacker, who ended up destroying most of the data, was arrested and charged with multiple crimes.

No One Loves the IRS, Especially the GAO: In broader security news, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) has blasted the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for failing to implement stronger security measures after numerous reports regarding organizational weakness in internal control over information security. The GAO takes particular exception to the IRS “deficiencies in its controls over access to the automated systems and software applications” and other weaknesses that “increase the risk of unauthorized individuals accessing, altering, or abusing proprietary IRS programs and electronic data and taxpayer information.” If the details are true, it’s quite evident that the IRS is not effectively and proactively managing privileged accounts and identities.

That’s our news for this week—let us know what we missed, and what you are, or aren’t thankful for in the realm of IT security!

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Blended Attacks: The Nasdaq Edition

Despite spending nearly $1 billion a year defending itself against constant cyber attacks, news broke late last week in an exclusive report from Reuters that “the hackers who infiltrated the Nasdaq’s computer systems last year installed malicious software that allowed them to spy on the directors of publicly held companies.”

According the story, the Nasdaq case, reportedly similar to the attack against RSA earlier this year, is an example of a “blended attack,” where elite hackers infiltrate one target to facilitate access to another. Nasdaq has said that hackers attacked a Web-based software program called Directors Desk, used by corporate boards to share documents and communicate with executives, among other things. By infecting Directors Desk, the hackers were able to access confidential documents and the communications of board directors.

As Jaikumar Vijayan emphasized in his recent article for Computerworld, “Despite Stuxnet, Duqu, control system flaws still overlooked,” most efforts to fix infrastructure threats are wrongly focused. It seems Nasdaq learned the hard way that throwing a large budget at a security issue to build up perimeter walls won’t fix an issue that’s already inside.  ”God knows exactly what they have done. The long term impact of such attack is still unknown,” Tom Kellermann, a well-known cyber security expert, told Reuters of the attack.

Cyber-Ark believes that regardless of the attack vector, there must be heightened emphasis on the importance of proactively locking down and isolating sensitive information, and maybe even more critically, the servers, systems and applications where this confidential information resides or is transmitted to or from.  Post-fact reaction by its very nature means that the vulnerability has already been leveraged.  Only truly proactive, preventative approaches can help organizations guard themselves from these types of ongoing and often persistent attacks.

Additionally, it’s important to examine the concept of enforcing the rule of least privilege for end-users and security administrators – the idea being to provide only that amount of privilege necessary for a given activity. What’s often overlooked is how these accounts can be tampered with to provide unwanted ‘escalation of privileges’ to aid in persistent attacks – as it appears what happened in the Nasdaq case.

In the RSA case, recommendations to customers included enforcing strong password and PIN policies, and watching closely for changes in user privilege levels and access rights using security monitoring technologies such as SIEM, and consider adding more levels of manual approval for those changes. Could these steps have helped Nasdaq?  It will be interesting to learn more as this story continues to unfold.

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UK ICO unveils latest research findings

The UK’s Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) has announced the findings of its annual track survey*.  The new figures reveal that almost 75 percent of businesses surveyed know that the Data Protection Act requires them to keep personal information secure, an increase of 26 percent on 2010’s findings.  However, reflecting a fall in public confidence, less than half of the people surveyed believe that organisations process their data in a fair and proper manner.  The survey also found that the number of data breaches in the private sector is rising, with 58 percent more breaches reported to the ICO so far in 2011/2012 than in the same period last year.

The ICO’s research highlights some interesting, albeit unsurprising, trends surrounding data protection today in the UK.  Whilst a greater proportion of businesses are aware of the data protection obligations placed on them, the public is less confident than ever of these businesses’ ability to safeguard their information.

Indeed, why should the public have any faith in the existing practices employed by organisations, when news report after news report highlights a series of serious data protection failings? Over the last few months we’ve seen a plethora of NHS Trusts hit the headlines over the loss of substantial and confidential patient information. Throw into that previous reports of the police snooping on citizen’s personal details and it’s not exactly going to do much to bolster public confidence in the state of data protection today.

Whilst we should welcome the fact that the report demonstrates an increase in awareness surrounding data protection, awareness on its own is not going to obliterate this growing problem.  What’s needed is action and organisations need to put in place the requisite security tools to ensure that they can properly enforce a sound and water-tight data protection policy going forward.

* http://www.ico.gov.uk/news/latest_news/2011/businesses-waking-up-to-data-protection-responsibilities-21102011.aspx

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IT Security Rewind – Week of October 10, 2011

This week we honored Christopher Columbus, someone who undoubtedly took a major risk and in the end, discovered something completely new. Thus it is appropriate that in this week’s IT Security Rewind we must report the passing of the visionary Dennis Ritchie, creator of the C programming language and co-developer of the Unix operating system. eWeek.com provided the following quote from Jeong Kim, president of Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs, “Dennis was well loved by his colleagues at Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs, and will be greatly missed. He was truly an inspiration to all of us, not just for his many accomplishments, but because of who he was as a friend, an inventor, and a humble and gracious man. We would like to express our deepest sympathies to the Ritchie family, and to all who have been touched in some way by Dennis.” To read more about Dennis’ accomplishments visit: http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Security/Dennis-Ritchie-Founder-of-Unix-C-Dies-at-70-215748/.

In other security news this week:

FTP may be dying but collaboration is not: eWeek’s Cameron Sturdevant (@csturdevant) took a look at the effect of the consumerization of IT on collaboration tools highlighting some major security vulnerabilities that have arose with the adoption of these free Saas tools.  With the proliferation of mobile devices Sturdevant emphasizes the importance of regulations in file sharing stating, “There are reasons to put boundaries on user collaboration, and licensed SaaS and on-premise tools are often best equipped to put these restrictions into practice. Blocking restricted data is among the chief reasons to curtail user file sharing. Helping well-meaning employees stay on the right side of the law when it comes to using regulated data is an important feature that is missing from nearly all the no-cost Internet services.” We completely agree and hope that Sturdevant will check out our secure file transfer solution to see how we successfully secure data in transit.

The real threat is still Inside: Despite constant media chatter around advanced persistent threats and external hackers, Dark Reading reported on a study that serves as a good reminder to organizations to look inside their organizations for threats within company walls. The study, conducted annually by Amplitude Research on behalf of VanDyke Software, found that a “of the many reasons cited for network intrusions, more than half could be attributed to internal issues: lack of adequate security policies (17 percent); employee negligence (12 percent); unauthorized access by current or future employees (11 percent); employee Web usage (6 percent); and lack of software updates (6 percent).”  Surprisingly, hacker/network attacks accounted for only 14 percent of intrusions; viruses, malware, and spyware were 10 percent.

PCI still a pain point for many: Okay we admit it, we love reports, especially when they support messages we’ve been sending for some time now. This report conducted by Verizon and covered by SC Magazine UK, found that “most businesses that accept credit or debit cards, or both, continue to struggle to achieve and maintain compliance with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS).” In fact, of those assessed by Verizon, only 21 percent were found to be fully compliant. These results were almost identical to last year’s which proves that, as an industry, we need to do more to educate organizations and help them to understand how to achieve compliance not just for auditing purposes, but for the protection of their customers’ sensitive information.

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NHS loses unencrypted USB stick

A report from the Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust in the UK has revealed that East Surrey Hospital lost the details of 800 patients in September 2010 but failed to notify any of the affected patients*. The Trust’s 2010/2011 annual report stated that the lost information had been held on an unencrypted memory stick, and included the names, dates of births and operation details of each patient.  The report also revealed a further nine “near misses” whereby information was lost but later recovered.

It’s a worrying situation when it is no longer surprising to see an NHS data breach with a lost, unencrypted USB stick at the heart of it.  Such devices – which have proven to be consistently vulnerable to loss, theft and poor security practices – must be retired.  Technology has moved on, and so should organisations looking to transfer information securely.  Only by using modern Secure File Transfer solutions can organisations be sure that their data is protected at all times, and only accessible by the intended recipient.

It’s also hugely disappointing to see that the Surrey and Sussex Healthcare Trust failed to notify the individuals affected by the data breach.  The Trust has an obligation to protect the personal information of those in its care properly, however, revelations of the poor data security and failure to notify, indicate that there are some serious flaws in its current approach.

It’s unclear just how many more of these incidents are needed before lessons are learned and changes made, but this data breach, along with the nine “near misses” mentioned in the report, will do little to inspire public faith in the NHS.

*Full Article

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IT Security Rewind – Week of September 19

It was another interesting week for IT security professionals, with numerous developments, breaking stories and breaches to follow. But before we dig in to this week’s Rewind—we wanted to wish a warm farewell to Dave Kearns, who wrote one of final pieces for the penultimate edition of the Network World Identity Management newsletter. We wish Dave well with his analyst role at Kuppinger-Cole—where he’ll continue to provide us with keen security insights!

APT: In Review – It’s never easy to put together a “lessons learned” type of piece when it involves a sensitive and well-documented security attack, but Pacific Northwest National Laboratory CIO Jerry Johnson did a great job at the recent InformationWeek 500 conference. Johnson developed a presentation that described the APT attack against his company with such details as “when the intruders tried to recreate and elevate account privileges, this action triggered an alarm, alerting the lab’s cybersecurity team…”  It’s information like this that can help all security professionals better prepare themselves and anticipate vulnerabilities.

Is “SIEM dead as claimed?”—To no surprise, questions like these usually provoke responses of all types. As Computerworld reported, a recent survey “conducted with senior security professionals at Global 5000 and federal organizations” found that “SIEM has joined signature-based technologies on the ash heap of IT history.” However, advocates for SIEM, like Dr. Anton Chuvakin of Gartner disagree—stating that while SIEM is not a tool that should be used primarily to prevent attacks, it’s still an important monitoring technology.

Access Rules –InfoSecurity provided more background on the $2.3 billion UBS fraud case this week. While details are still swirling, it’s clear that this is another example of a trader acting beyond authorization in a highly regulated market. While the article delves deeper, calling for tighter monitoring and controls, the question remains:  If access and risk management controls and processes were in place, how were the traders able to circumvent them?

Anything we missed? What stories have you been following? Let us know!

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IT Security Rewind – Week of September 12

It was a week of déjà vu and doppelgangers in the world of IT security, with another rogue financial trader scandal and doppelganger domains stealing data. Here is this week’s IT Security Rewind with all the gory details:

“I need a miracle” – This Facebook status update couldn’t be more appropriate for Kweku Adoboli, the 31-year old City trader at UBS suspected of carrying out Britain’s biggest banking fraud. This week has to feel like déjà vu for the financial industry, as Mr. Adoboli was arrested at his desk yesterday for allegedly losing £1.3 billion through his rogue trades. This case is eerily familiar to the case of Jérôme Kerviel, the Paris-based Société Générale worker who lost £4 billion in rogue trades back in 2008.What’s worse is that UBS only became aware of the unauthorized trading when Mr. Adoboli told them, the bank’s monitoring systems had not picked up the loss. Could this be another situation where privilege identity management could have signaled an early warning? Stay tuned…

“When it absolutely, positively has to be there overnight.” – This week our own Oded Valin shared his thoughts on move file transfers processes to the cloud with Infosecurity Magazine. Boiling his advice down to seven steps, Oded outlined how organizations can safely exchange sensitive files in the cloud while maintaining security and compliance requirements.

Big Data = Big Problems – Dark Reading’s Ericka Chickowski put the spotlight on data warehouses and emphasized that the quicker and easier it is to access these “big data” stores, the greater security risk there is to all of that sensitive information. We have to agree with Ericka on this one, when you put more eggs into the basket (i.e. instead of separate databases you consolidate many databases into a single “big data”) security needs to become a higher priority.

Doppelgangers Stealing Data! –Two researchers who set up doppelganger domains to mimic legitimate domains belonging to Fortune 500 companies say they managed to vacuum up 20 gigabytes of misaddressed e-mail over six months. Of the data collected in the e-mails, Wired reported, were configuration details and passwords for an IT consulting firm’s routers and virtual private network access information for a company that manages toll roads. They also collected a lot of personal information on employees, including credit card statements and bank account records.

Feel like you’ve finally got all the drama figured out? Let us know your thoughts in our comments section!

It was a week of déjà vu and doppelgangers in the world of IT security, with another rogue financial trader scandal and doppelganger domains stealing data. Here is this week’s IT Security Rewind with all the gory details:

“I need a miracle” – This Facebook status update couldn’t be more appropriate for Kweku Adoboli, the 31-year old City trader at UBS suspected of carrying out Britain’s biggest banking fraud. This week has to feel like déjà vu for the financial industry, as Mr. Adoboli was arrested at his desk yesterday for allegedly losing £1.3 billion through his rogue trades. This case is eerily familiar to the case of Jérôme Kerviel, the Paris-based Société Générale worker who lost £4 billion in rogue trades back in 2008.What’s worse is that UBS only became aware of the unauthorized trading when Mr. Adoboli told them, the bank’s monitoring systems had not picked up the loss. Could this be another situation where privilege identity management could have signaled an early warning? Stay tuned…

“When it absolutely, positively has to be there overnight.” – This week our own Oded Valin shared his thoughts on move file transfers processes to the cloud with Infosecurity Magazine. Boiling his advice down to seven steps, Oded outlined how organizations can safely exchange sensitive files in the cloud while maintaining security and compliance requirements.

Big Data = Big Problems – Dark Reading’s Ericka Chickowski put the spotlight on data warehouses and emphasized that the quicker and easier it is to access these “big data” stores, the greater security risk there is to all of that sensitive information. We have to agree with Ericka on this one, when you put more eggs into the basket (i.e. instead of separate databases you consolidate many databases into a single “big data”) security needs to become a higher priority.

Doppelga

It was a week of déjà vu and doppelgangers in the world of IT security, with another rogue financial trader scandal and doppelganger domains stealing data. Here is this week’s IT Security Rewind with all the gory details:

“I need a miracle” – This Facebook status update couldn’t be more appropriate for Kweku Adoboli, the 31-year old City trader at UBS suspected of carrying out Britain’s biggest banking fraud. This week has to feel like déjà vu for the financial industry, as Mr. Adoboli was arrested at his desk yesterday for allegedly losing £1.3 billion through his rogue trades. This case is eerily familiar to the case of Jérôme Kerviel, the Paris-based Société Générale worker who lost £4 billion in rogue trades back in 2008.What’s worse is that UBS only became aware of the unauthorized trading when Mr. Adoboli told them, the bank’s monitoring systems had not picked up the loss. Could this be another situation where privilege identity management could have signaled an early warning? Stay tuned…

“When it absolutely, positively has to be there overnight.” – This week our own Oded Valin shared his thoughts on move file transfers processes to the cloud with Infosecurity Magazine. Boiling his advice down to seven steps, Oded outlined how organizations can safely exchange sensitive files in the cloud while maintaining security and compliance requirements.

Big Data = Big Problems – Dark Reading’s Ericka Chickowski put the spotlight on data warehouses and emphasized that the quicker and easier it is to access these “big data” stores, the greater security risk there is to all of that sensitive information. We have to agree with Ericka on this one, when you put more eggs into the basket (i.e. instead of separate databases you consolidate many databases into a single “big data”) security needs to become a higher priority.

Doppelgangers Stealing Data! –Two researchers who set up doppelganger domains to mimic legitimate domains belonging to Fortune 500 companies say they managed to vacuum up 20 gigabytes of misaddressed e-mail over six months. Of the data collected in the e-mails, Wired reported, were configuration details and passwords for an IT consulting firm’s routers and virtual private network access information for a company that manages toll roads. They also collected a lot of personal information on employees, including credit card statements and bank account records.

Feel like you’ve finally got all the drama figured out? Let us know your thoughts in our comments section!

ngers Stealing Data! –Two researchers who set up doppelganger domains to mimic legitimate domains belonging to Fortune 500 companies say they managed to vacuum up 20 gigabytes of misaddressed e-mail over six months. Of the data collected in the e-mails, Wired reported, were configuration details and passwords for an IT consulting firm’s routers and virtual private network access information for a company that manages toll roads. They also collected a lot of personal information on employees, including credit card statements and bank account records.

Feel like you’ve finally got all the drama figured out? Let us know your thoughts in our comments section!

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Morto A, Brute-Force and the Perpetual Problem of Insecure Privileged Accounts

By Roy Adar, Vice President of Product Management, Cyber-Ark Software

Consider these keyboard combinations: *1234, 123, 369, abc123, abcd1234, admin, admin123, letmein, pass, password, test and user.

Not exactly what you’d call strong administrative passwords, but they are some of the combinations the Morto A worm carries in its brute-force library to attack target machines.  According to an article in NetworkWorld, the Morto A worm continues to spread “despite its reliance on a list of lame passwords to take over victim machines.”  Those machines, and all the information on them, are now vulnerable and at the mercy of the virus to delete, corrupt or quietly steal.

We believe that with a few tweaks, this simple brute-force approach can quickly resurface in more targeted attacks. Of course the most obvious response to better protecting organizations against this sort of attack is to limit reliance on “human selected passwords,” particularly related to passwords for privileged accounts.  Ideally, fully random, long passwords can take years to brute-force or may never be cracked.  And, when you consider an organization with thousands of sensitive servers, applications and systems, and hundreds of privileged accounts, automating the generation and management of strong passwords becomes all that more important to making the organization resistant to brute-force attacks.

This attack reminds me of the SQLsnake worm (aka SQLspida) that in 2001-2002 “brute-forced” its way into SQL Servers that had a blank “sa” password (the previous default password).  It was extremely successful in spreading across tens of thousands of SQL Server databases where the default privileged password for “sa” was never changed from manufacturer defaults. While the SQLsnake only tried a single password, the Morto A tries 37 password values. How long before we see viruses that take this to the next level by using internal random generators to try larger scale brute-force attacks?  It may not be long given that the virus does not need to contain a hard-to-disguise dictionary and can leverage the local Microsoft Word dictionary files, for example.

So, improving privileged password management isn’t just a good idea and a security best practice, it’s a business necessity.  Consider the number of cyber attacks in the past year that used a common pathway for entering an organization, via privileged accounts.  While the initial infiltration can use common and rather hard to prevent techniques such as phishing or social engineering, once inside, hackers can fairly easily take advantage of the lack of proper privilege controls.  If hackers can easily brute-force your privileged passwords there is nothing to stop them from jumping from desktop, to applications, to your network core.

It’s been said before, but we subscribe to the notion that organizations need to assume that hackers have already breached the perimeter.  Therefore a proactive approach to implementing internal controls and protecting privileged accounts is a critical building block in your defense strategy.

What are your organization’s best practices for privileged password management?

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IT Security Rewind – August 22, 2011

What could 43,000 Yale graduates, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Maine voter registration system and RSA possibly have in common? Their data has all been tampered with. In this week’s IT security rewind we’ll reveal the email that took down RSA, review this week’s noteworthy data breaches and question the SEC’s involvement in data destruction associated with the  Berni Madoff case. What a week!

Dear RSA, “I forward this file to you for review. Please open and view it.” – It’s been a rough week for RSA, as researchers at F-Secure believe that this email carrying an infected Excel sheet may be the sole cause of the major phishing breach that tainted the company’s reputation. According to IDG, “The e-mail was sent on March 3 and uploaded to VirusTotal, a free service used to scan suspicious messages, on March 19, two days after RSA went public with the news that it had been hacked in one of the worst security breaches ever.”

Mainers and Yale Grads Beware! Since the beginning of the “IT Security Rewind,” we have yet to go a week without some sort of publicized data breach, and this week is no different. This Tuesday, Yale University notified about 43,000 faculty, staff, students and alumni that their names and Social Security numbers were publicly available via Google search for about 10 months. What’s interesting about this breach is that a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server on which the data was stored became searchable via Google as the result of a change the search engine giant made last September.

The very next day, voters in the state of Maine were notified that a CVS-linked computer in one of the town offices was infected with data-stealing malware.

The Berni Saga won’t end – and this week data surrounding the case takes center stage as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has been accused of destroying thousands of data files on high profile inquiries including an early-stage investigation into Berni Madoff. Whether or not privileged access played a role in this possible tampering is unclear, however according to CSO Online, “Senator Chuck Grassley, the senior Republican on the Senate Judiciary committee, said the data that the SEC is alleged to have destroyed – between 1993 and 2010 – also concerned investigations into alleged insider trading at Deutsche Bank, SAC Capital and collapsed bank Lehman Brothers; as well as into corporate practices during Goldman Sachs’ trading of complex products with insurer AIG.”

Can you handle the security drama? Let us know your thoughts on this week’s events below…

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IT Security Rewind – Week of August 15, 2011

Limitations of technologies that are supposed to be protecting against emerging security vulnerabilities, deeper examinations of mainstream breaches and more painful insider attacks—they’re all a part of the next installment of our IT Security Rewind Series. Let’s take a look, shall we?

  • You Live, You Learn: Few attacks generated as much media coverage and buzz as the attack against RSA that occurred earlier this year. This video interview from ThreatPost with Uri Rivner of RSA breaks down the different aspects of the attack including the elevation of privileges that were used to the advantage of the hackers.  As Rivner explains, this breach directly exposes the limitations associated with a security strategy focused on perimeter protection, and not on the accessibility of the sensitive information and controls that can easily be manipulated from the inside of a system.
  • DAMn—Is this technology working?: A feature from Ericka Chickowski of Dark Reading finds that financial institutions are still struggling with insider threats and other security vulnerabilities despite investments in database activity monitoring tools. While DAM technology plays a critical role in protecting against SQL injections and exploits in database protocols and commands, its inherent limitation in providing for privileged user monitoring may play a key role in its apparent ineffectiveness.
  • Fast Food Diner on Network Crime: As IDG reported, a former IT worker at the U.S. subsidiary of Japanese drug-maker Shionogi, has pleaded guilty to effectively using his privileged access and controls to “create virtual chaos” by wiping out the VMWare host services that ran the company’s corporate email systems. Apparently, after laying off the employee, Jason Cornish,  Shionogi did a poor job of revoking passwords to the company’s network.  Using a Shionogi account, Cornish logged on from a public McDonald’s Internet connection to access a vSphere VMware management console that he’d secretly installed on the company’s network a few weeks earlier. He then proceeded to delete 88 company servers from the VMware host systems—further highlighting the need to control privileged users in both physical AND virtual environments.

That’s a wrap for this week—let us know what other stories you think should be added to the rewind.

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